非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变和作定语的判断
考点一、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变,习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首,作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题:
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
根据对句式的分析,可以判断出It是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第1题应该填动词不定式,即to be,第2题应该填动名词,即waiting。
考点二、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况,这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说,用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中,如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中,就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,如果是被动行为,就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如:
The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行,所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy,因而正确答案为crying。
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1. I don’t know whether you happen ____ it, but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
2. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring
C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring
3. Don’t leave the water ____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
4. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be put C. to put D. putting
5. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing
1.
【解析】happen to have done sth 为不定式的完成时, 表示一个已经完成了的动作,强调对于现在的影响.
【答案】D
2.
【解析】ti red and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事
【答案】C
3.
【解析】非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能发生的动作;B表示宾语持续性动作,根据句意选B,表示水不停地流出。
【答案】B
4.
【解析】catch sb doing sth表示发觉或当场捉住 sb在做一件事情。
【答案】D
5.
【解析】从动作发生的时间来看,应是先偷钻石,再找地方藏匿,故用-ing形式的完成式。
【答案】 A